Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Federal Emergency Management Agency Publication_Date: 20110823 Title: TERRAIN, Naragansett, Massachusetts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: FEMA-DCS-Terrain Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: Federal Emergency Management Agency Online_Linkage: http://hazards.fema.gov Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Federal Emergency Management Agency Publication_Date: 20110823 Title: FEMA CASE 11-01-0721S Description: Abstract: The Quinnipiac AOI consists of one 443 square mile area. Ground Control is collected throughout the AOI for use in the processing of LiDAR data to ensure data accurately represents the ground surface. QA/QC checkpoints, (FVA and CVA - see Ground Control process step for further information) also collected throughout the AOI, are used for independent quality checks of the processed LiDAR data. LiDAR acquisition products include Pre- and Post- flight reports which contain information on the flightlines, equipment parameters, and other pertinant acquisition details. The LiDAR product is considered to be point cloud data and consists of 1500mx1500m tiles of LAS points which are partially classified such that the bare earth points can be calibrated to the ground surface and tested via the independent QC to ensure the ground surface is accurately represented. The Bare Earth deliverables consists of tiles of fully classified LAS points. A full narrative accompanies this deliverable, as well as the independent QC report Purpose: Provide high resolution terrain elevation and land cover elevation data. Terrain data is used to represent the topography of a watershed and/or floodplain environment and to extract useful information for hydraulic and hydrologic models. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110823 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.133645 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.384231 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.747063 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.205693 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: FEMA NFIP Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Land Surface Theme_Keyword: Topography Theme_Keyword: Digital Terrain Model Theme_Keyword: Elevation Data Theme_Keyword: LIDAR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Ground Control Theme_Keyword: Point Cloud Theme_Keyword: LAS Point Files Theme_Keyword: Bare Earth Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY NEW-HAVEN, COUNTY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 09009C Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY ANSONIA, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090071 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY BEACON FALLS, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090072 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY BETHANY, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090144 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY BRANFORD, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090073 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION 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HAMDEN, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090078 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY MADISON, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090079 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY MERIDEN, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090081 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY MIDDLEBURY, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090080 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY MILFORD, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090082 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY NAUGATUCK, BOROUGH OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090137 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY NEW HAVEN, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090084 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY NORTH BRANFORD, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090085 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY NORTH HAVEN, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090086 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY ORANGE, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090087 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY OXFORD, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090150 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY PROSPECT, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090151 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY SEYMOUR, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090088 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY SOUTHBURY, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090089 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY WALLINGFORD, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090090 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY WATERBURY, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090091 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY WEST HAVEN, CITY OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090092 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY NEW HAVEN Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 009 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY WOODBRIDGE, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090153 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY CHESTER, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090060 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY CLINTON, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090061 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY CROMWELL, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090123 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY DEEP RIVER, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090062 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY DURHAM, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090185 Place: 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MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY HADDAM, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090066 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY KILLINGWORTH, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090174 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY MIDDLEFIELD, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090067 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY MIDDLETOWN, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090068 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY OLD SAYBROOK, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090069 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY PORTLAND, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090130 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY WESTBROOK, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090070 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: REGION I Place_Keyword: STATE CT Place_Keyword: COUNTY MIDDLESEX Place_Keyword: COUNTY-FIPS 007 Place_Keyword: COMMUNITY WOODBRIDGE, TOWN OF Place_Keyword: FEMA-CID 090153 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Acknowledgement of FEMA would be appreciated in products derived from these data. This digital data is produced for the purposes of updating/creating a DFIRM database. Data_Set_Credit: Ground control and quality control checkpoints were collected by CompassData, Inc. LiDAR was acquired and processed by Photo Science, Inc. Quality Control testing was performed by CompassData, Inc. Quality Assurance testing was conducted by Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. All firms were under contract to STARR, A Joint Venture which held the FEMA contract and task order for this work. Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Survey data have been confirmed to be in proper units, coordinate systems and format. The terrain data have been confirmed as complete LAS format data files. Header files are in proper LAS format with content as specified by FEMA Procedural Memo No. 61. Completeness_Report: Survey data have been checked for completeness, points have been collected in correct vegetation units, and distributed throughout the AOI. The terrain data have been checked for completeness against AOI polygons. No gaps as defined by FEMA Procedural Memo No. 61 are known to exist within the dataset. Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Deliverables were tested by for both vertical and horizontal accuracy. The vertical unit of the data file is in meters with 2-decimal point precision. Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.331 Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Consolidated Vertical Accuracy (CVA) equal to the 95th percentile confidence level (RMSE[z] x 1.9600) calculated in open terrain. Reported in meters. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Ground_Control Quinnipiac Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110128 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other1 Source_Contribution: Control points for tying LiDAR data to the ground surface. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: FVA_CVA Quinnipiac Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110128 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other2 Source_Contribution: Quality Assurance points to confirm LiDAR data meets vertical accuracy requirements. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Quinnipiac_Collection_Area Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110823 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other3 Source_Contribution: Shapefile of Quinnipiac LiDAR acquisition area. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: All_Returns Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110823 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other4 Source_Contribution: Point Cloud (All Returns) LAS point files named according to Quinnipiac Tile Index. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Quinnipiac_PreFlightReport Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110823 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other5 Source_Contribution: Document contains the operations plans for the LiDAR acquisition. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Quinnipiac_PostFlightReport Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110823 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other6 Source_Contribution: Document contains the acquisition and calibration report for the LiDAR acquisition Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Quinnipiac_Tile_Index Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110823 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other7 Source_Contribution: Shapefile of tile index used to populate and reference the LAS tiled data. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Region 1 Quinnipiac Testing Results FVA CVA Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110823 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other8 Source_Contribution: Document contains QC test results for both FVA and CVA blind check point tests against open area and bare earth surfaces generated from All Returns and Bare Earth (respectively) LAS points. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: R1_Quinnipiac_Terrain_TSDN Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110823 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other9 Source_Contribution: Contains complete narrative on the acquisition and processing of the LiDAR dataset, includes area diagrams, reports and metadata. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: STARR Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Bare_Earth Type_of_Source_Media: DIGITAL Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20110823 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Other10 Source_Contribution: Bare Earth LAS point files named according to the Quinnipiac_Tile_Index. Process_Step: Process_Description: GPS based surveys were utilized to support both processing and testing of LiDAR data within FEMA designated Areas of Interest (AOIs). Geographically distinct ground points were surveyed using GPS technology throughout the AOIs to provide support for three distinct tasks. Task 1 was to provide Vertical Ground Control to support the aerial acquisition and subsequent bare earth model processing. To accomplish this, survey-grade Trimble R-8 GPS receivers were used to collect a series of control points located on open areas, free of excessive or significant slope, and at least 5 meters away from any significant terrain break. Most if not all control points were collected at street/road intersections on bare level pavement. Task 2 was to collect Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) checkpoints to evaluate the initial quality of the collected point cloud and to ensure that the collected data was satisfactory for further processing to meet FEMA specifications. The FVA points were collected in identical fashion to the Vertical Ground Control Points, but segregated from the point pool to ensure independent quality testing without prior knowledge of FVA locations by the aerial vendor. Task 3 was to collect Consolidated Vertical Accuracy CVA) checkpoints to allow vertical testing of the bare-earth processed LiDAR data in different classes of land cover, including: Open (pavement, open dirt, short grass), High Grass and Crops, Brush and Low Trees, Forest, Urban. CVA points were collected in similar fashion as Control and FVA points with emphasis on establishing point locations within the predominant land cover classes within each AOI or Functional AOI Group. In order to successfully collect the Forest land cover class, it was necessary to establish a Backsight and Initial Point with the R8 receiver, and then employ a Nikon Total Station to observe a retroreflective prism stationed under tree canopy. This was necessary due to the reduced GPS performance and degradation of signal under tree canopy. The R-8 receivers were equipped with cellular modems to receive real-time correction signals from the Keystone Precision Virtual Reference Station (VRS) network encompassing the Region 1 AOIs. Use of the VRS network allowed rapid collection times (~3 minutes/point) at 2.54 cm (1 inch) initial accuracy. All points collected were below the 8cm specification for testing 24cm, Highest category LiDAR data. To ensure valid in-field collections, an NGS monument with suitable vertical reporting was measured using the same equipment and procedures used for Control, FVA and CVA points on a daily basis. The measurement was compared to the NGS published values to ensure that the GPS collection schema was producing valid data and as a physical proof point of quality of collection. Those monument measurements are summarized in the Accuracy report included in the data delivered to FEMA. In order to meet FEMA budgetary requirements, AOIs were consolidated into Functional Groups: if AOIs were contiguous, they were treated as one large AOI to allow collection of 20 FVA points and 15 additional CVA points across the group of AOIs. 20 FVA points are necessary to allow testing to CE95 – 1 point out of 20 may fail vertical testing and still allow the entire dataset to meet 95% accuracy requirements. In similar fashion, 20 CVA points are necessary to test to CE95 as discussed above. 15 CVA points were collected per AOI or per Functional Group with the intention at the outset that 5 of the collected FVAs would perform double –duty as Open-class CVA points, to total 20 CVAs per AOI or Functional Group. The Functional Groups are as follows: Narragansett/Charles/Blackstone(northeast), Nashua, Blackstone(north and west), Quinnipiac, Quincy/Suffolk (while included as part of the FEMA Charles AOI, was physically separated from the Charles AOI polygon and treated as an independent functional area). The following software packages and utilities were used to control the GPS receiver in the field during data collection, and then ingest and export the collected GPS data for all points: Trimble Survey Controller, Trimble Pathfinder Office. The following software utilities were used to translate the collected Latitude/Longitude Decimal Degree HAE GPS data for all points into Latitude/Longitude Degrees/Minutes/Seconds for checking the collected monument data against the published NGS Datasheet Lat/Long DMS values and into UTM NAD83 Northings/Eastings: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CorpsCon, National Geodetic Survey Geoid09NAVD88. MSL values were determined using the most recent NGS-approved geoid model to generate geoid separation values for each Lat/Long coordinate pair. In this fashion, Orthometric heights were determined for each Control, FVA and CVA point by subtracting the generated Geoid Separation value from the Ellipsoidal Height (HAE) for publication and use as MSL NAVD88(09). Process_Date: 2011 Process_Step: Process_Description: Using a Leica ALS60 LiDAR system, 101 flight lines of highest density (Nominal Pulse Spacing of 1.0m) were collected over the Quinnipiac area which encompasses 443 square miles. A total of 10 missions were flown on Dec 11, 2010, Dec 16, 2010, Dec 17, 2010, Dec 18, 2010, March 29, 2011, March 30, 2011, May 6, 2011, May 8, 2011, May 10, 2011, and May 27, 2011. One airborne global positioning system (GPS) base station was used to support the LiDAR data acquisition: MMK-A. Additional information can be found in the Post-Flight Aerial Acquisition Report. Process_Date: 2011 Process_Step: Process_Description: Leica proprietary software was used in the post-processing of the airborne GPS and inertial data that is critical to the positioning and orientation of the sensor during all flights. Pairing the aircraft’s raw trajectory data with the stationary GPS base station data, this software yields Leica’s IPAS TC (“Inertial Positioning & Attitude Sensor – Tightly Coupled”) smoothed best estimate of trajectory (an “SBET”, in Leica’s .sol file format) that is necessary for Leica’s ALSPP post processing software to develop the resulting geo-referenced point cloud from the LiDAR missions. The point cloud is the mathematical three dimensional composite of all returns from all laser pulses as determined from the aerial mission. At this point this data is ready for analysis, classification, and filtering to generate a bare earth surface model in which the above-ground features are removed from the data set. The point cloud was created using Leica’s Post Processor software. GeoCue was used in the creation of some of the files needed in downstream processing, as well as in the tiling of the dataset into more manageable file sizes. The TerraScan and TerraModeler software packages are then used for the automated data classification, manual cleanup, and bare earth generation from this data. Project specific macros were used to classify the ground and to remove the side overlap between parallel flight lines. All data was manually reviewed and any remaining artifacts removed using functionality provided by TerraScan and TerraModeler. QT Modeler was used as a final check of the bare earth dataset. GeoCue was then used to create the deliverable industry-standard LAS files for both the All Point Cloud Data and the Bare Earth. In-house software was then used to perform final statistical analysis of the classes in the LAS files. Process_Date: 2011 Process_Step: Process_Description: Point Cloud data is manually reviewed and any remaining artifacts are removed using functionality provided within the TerraScan and TerraModeler software packages. Additional project specific macros are created and run within GeoCue/TerraScan to ensure correct LAS classification prior to project delivery. Final Classified LAS tiles are created within GeoCue to confirm correct LAS versioning and header information. In-house software is then used to check LAS header information and final LAS classification prior to delivery. LAS Class 2 is used to check the independent QC points against the Triangulated LiDAR surface. Process_Date: 2011 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000010 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000010 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute Values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142894\SupplementalData\GroundControl Quinnipiac Entity_Type_Definition: Ground Control Survey for LiDAR collection Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142894\SupplementalData\FVA_CVA Quinnipiac Entity_Type_Definition: Survey for Horizontal and Vertical LiDAR QC Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142895\SupplementalData\Quinnipiac_Collection_Area Entity_Type_Definition: Area Spatial File Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142895\All_Returns Entity_Type_Definition: LAS 1.2 files Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142895\SupplementalData\Quinnipiac_PreFlight Report Entity_Type_Definition: Digital Document Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142895\SupplementalData\Quinnipiac_PostFlight Report Entity_Type_Definition: Digitial Document Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142895\SupplementalData\Quinnipiac_Tile_Index Entity_Type_Definition: Area Spatial File Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142896\SupplementalData\Region 1 Quinnipiac Testing Results FVA CVA Entity_Type_Definition: Digital Document Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142896\SupplementalData\R1_Quinnipiac_Terrain_TSDN Entity_Type_Definition: Digital Document Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Terrain\2142896\Bare_Earth Entity_Type_Definition: LAS 1.2 files Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for Flood Hazard Mapping Partners, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards and Data Capture Guidelines (available at http://www.fema.gov/fhm/dl_cgs.shtm) Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The Terrain data package is made up of several data themes containing primarily spatial information. These data supplement the Elevation datasets by providing additional information to aid flood risk evaluation and flood hazard area delineations. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Appendix M of FEMA Guidelines and Specifications for FEMA Flood Hazard Mapping Partners contains a detailed description of the data themes and references to other relevant information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Federal Emergency Management Agency Engineering Library Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Marie Sparrow, Zimmerman Associates, Inc. Address: 847 South Pickett Street City: Alexandria State_or_Province: Virginia Postal_Code: 22304 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-877-336-2627 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: miphelp@mapmodteam.com Distribution_Liability: No warranty expressed or implied is made by FEMA regarding the utility of the data on any other system nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: FEMA-DCS-Terrain Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://hazards.fema.gov Fees: Contact Distributor Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20110823 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: FEMA Representative Contact_Organization: Federal Emergency Management Agency Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 500 C Street, S.W. City: Washington State_or_Province: District of Columbia Postal_Code: 20472 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-877-336-2627 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: miphelp@mapmodteam.com Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://hazards.fema.gov Online_Linkage: http://www.epsg.org Profile_Name: FEMA NFIP Metadata Content and Format Standard